Holothuria edulis Lesson, 1830: 125, pl. 46, fig. 2; Selenka, 1867: 341; Semper, 1868: 89, 278, pl. 31, fig. 7, pl. 32, fig. 4, pl. 33, fig. 3, pl. 36, figs 2, 5, 9, 10; Semper, 1869: 120; Ludwig, 1882: 137; Lampert, 1885: 81; Théel, 1886: 216; Ludwig, 1887: 1227; Ludwig, 1888: 807; Ludwig, 1889-92: 329; Saville-Kent, 1893: 233, 237; Sluiter, 1894: 103; Koehler, 1895: 281; Sluiter, 1895: 79 ; Bedford, 1898: 147; Ludwig, 1899: 559; Sluiter, 1901: 8; Koningsberger, 1904: 49; Koehler & Vaney, 1908: 7; Bedot, 1909: 60; Mitsukuri, 1912: 77; Pearson, 1913: 69, pl. 9, fig. 2; Erwe, 1913: 183; Clark, 1921: 177, pl. 19, fig. 1; Clark, 1923: 421; Clark, 1925: 103; Panning, 1928: 231, figs 35, 36; Schmidt, 1930: 465; Clark, 1932: 231 ; Domantay, 1936: 12, pl. 1, figs. 1-2; Pabish, 1936:101; Pabish, 1936: 2185 ; Clark, 1938: 519 ; Sella & Sella, 1940: 14, 39 ; Clark, 1946: 427 ; Dawydoff, 1952: 117; Endean, 1953: 56 ; Domantay, 1954: 342 ; Endean, 1956: 131 ; Endean, 1957: 253 ; Domantay, 1960: 87, fig. 6a-c; Domantay, 1962: 87, fig. 6a-c; Macnae & Kalk, 1962: 108 ; James, 1969: 61 ; Townsley & Townsley, 1972: 176; Daniel & Halder, 1974 : 428 ; Waren, 1980 : 295 ; Grosenbaugh, 1981 : 51 ; James, 1982 : 5 ; Tortonese, 1977 : 275 ; James, 1983 : 98; Brouns & Heijs, 1985: 175; Levin & Sayapina, 1988; 122; James, 1988: 404 Allen & Steene, 1994: 244 (colour plate) ; Fiege et al., 1994: 86; Klinger et al., 1994: 524ss; Colin & Arneson, 1995: 260, fig. 1231 (colour plate); Weinberg, 1997: 245 (colour plate); Klinger & Johnson, 1998: 467ss; Baine & Forbes, 1998: 4 (colour plate); Debelius, 1998: 300 (colour plate); Liao, 1998: 80; Uthicke, 1998: 532ss; Zulfigar & Tan Shau Whai, 1999: 76 ; Roberts et al., 2000: 264, fig. 3b; Marshall et al. 2001: 46, 47, 54; Zulfigar et al., 2001: 364; James, 2001: 7, fig. 13 (B/W photo); Skewes et al., 2002: 13; Chen, 2003: 20; Lane, 2004: 232; Rasolofonirina et al., 2004: 137; Skewes et al., 2004: appendix 3-4; Mmbaga & Mgaya, 2006: 3ss.
Holothuria (Holothuria) edulis; Panning, 1935: 43,fig. 36a-d; Domantay, 1936: 398; Van den Spiegel & Jangoux, 1989: 225.
Halodeima edulis; Pearson, 1913: 69, pl. 9, fig. 12; Ohshima, 1935: 144; Heding, 1939: 220; Panning, 1944: 65, fig. 32; Cherbonnier, 1951: 399, fig. 3; Cherbonnier, 1951: 81; Clark, 1952: 204 ; Cherbonnier, 1955: 142, pl. 29, fig. c; Cherbonnier, 1959: 250; Cherbonnier, 1963: 5 ; Chang & Liao, 1963: 67, fig. 12, pls 2, 6; Chang & Liao, 1964: 35, fig. a-c; Cherbonnier, 1967: 56; Cherbonnier, 1979: 861; Mergner, 1979: 481; Intes & Ménou, 1979: 12, 20 (map), 23 (BW plate).
Holothuria (Halodeima) edulis; Rowe, 1969: 138; Clark & Rowe, 1971: 176, pl. 27, fig. 14; Rowe & Doty, 1977: 231, figs 3a, 7b; Levin, 1979: 20; Levin, 1979b: 22; Roberts, 1979: 45ss; Cherbonnier, 1980: 632, fig. 9A-L; Levin, 1980: 52; Liao, 1980: 115; Mary Bai, 1980: 12, text fig. 9E; Humes, 1980: 72, 74, 86, 87; Grosenbaugh, 1981: 51; Price, 1981: 9; Price, 1982: 11; Hoskin & Waren, 1983: 24; James, 1983: 100; Price, 1983: 87, 91, fig. 48; Rowe, 1983: 156; Soota et al., 1983 : 519; Liao, 1984: 222; Thandar, 1984: 276; Reyes-Leonardo, 1984: 146, pl. 3, fgi. 1A-I; Conand & Chardy, 1985: 295; Reyes-Leonardo et al., 1985: 272; James, 1985[1988]: 404; Price & Reid, 1985: 4; Cherbonnier, 1986: 43; James, 1986: 585 ; Marsh, 1986: 73 ;Cannon & Silver, 1986: 22, fig. 6f, text fig.; Cherbonnier & Féral, 1986: 87 (colour plate) ; George & George, 1987 : 246 ; Mokhopadhyay, 1988 : 6, fig. 4a-b ; Cherbonnier, 1988 : 75, fig. 29A-I ; Conand, 1989 : 23, fig. 2 ; Chambers, 1989: 89 ; Jangoux et al., 1989 : 163; Kalashnikof, 1989: 64, fig. 2; Levin & Dao Tan Ho, 1989: 55; Féral, 1990: 367, fig. 279 (colour photo); Marsh et al, 1993: 64; Marsh, 1994: 10; Marsh, 1994: 57; Holland, 1994: 2; Kerr, 1994: 168; Sant, 1995: 27; James, 1995: 52, fig. 1F-G; Pawson, 1995: 188; Rowe & Gates, 1995: 291; Liao & Clark, 1995: 436, fig.252a-c; Gosliner et al., 1996: 279, fig. 1029 (colour plate); Massin, 1996: 19, fgi. 11A-G; Tsuda, 1997: 16 ; Liao, 1997; 101, fig. 56a-d; Rowe & Richmond, 1997: 304 (colour drawing); Conand, 1998: 1177, text fig.; Massin, 1999: 21, figs 14 (map), 110d (colour plate); Bussarawit & Thongtham, 1999: 35; Uthicke & Karez, 1999: 71ss; Forbes et al., 1999: 30 (colour plate); Schoppe, 2000: 111 (colour plate); Samyn, 2000 : 15; Lane et al. 2000: 488 ; Samyn &Vanden Berghe, 2000: 5, 17, 22; Desurmont, 2003: 10; Samyn, 2003 : 36, fig. 15A-E ; Paulay, 2003: 577; Putchakarn & Sonchaeng, 2004: 425; Marsh & Morrison, 2004: 303, 339; Rowe & Richmond, 2004: 3301; Thandar & Samyn, 2004 : 255; Kumara et al., 2005: 25; Sastry, 2005: 105; O’Loughlin et al., 2007: 43, fig. 5c-f; 45(color pictures): fig 45 (ossicle assemblage).
Trepang edulis; Jaeger, 1833: 24; Brandt, 1835: 57.
Holothuria fuscocinerea; Selenka, 1867: 337, pl. 19, fig. 86 (non H. fuscocinerea Jaeger, 1833); Poscidia, 1968: xxx ; Verbist, 1993: 116; Chen, 2003: 20.
Type data: EcHh 543; Moluccas, (Indonesia); unknonwn depth; coll. M.M. Lesson & Garnot during Expedition Duperrey; 1825; well preserved; well relaxed; ventro-longitudinal dissection.
Anatomical description: 160 mm long; 19-24 mm wide; bivium arched; trivium flattened; mouth ventral; anus terminal; dorsal body wall white grey-brown; ventral body wall grey-beige; tentacles light beige; dorsal appendages brownish; ventral tube feet brownish; dorsal appendages dispersed regularly all over bivium; ventral tube feet dispersed regularly all over trivium; bivium and trivium not separated by lateral fringe of appendages; body wall ±2 mm thick, smooth to the touch; 18 tentacles counted; structure of the calcareous ring was not assessed; number of tentacle ampullae could not be determined; number of Polian vesicles could not be determined; presence of stone canals could not be determined; gonad not observed; longitudinal muscles single, wide, attached at edges. Presence of Cuvierian tubules could not be assessed.
Ossicle description: tentacles with spiny rods of various sizes, large ones perforated distally; dorsal and ventral body wall with tables and button-like rosettes, tables with disc smooth, reduced, with four pillars united by a single cross beam and ending in a crown in the form of a Maltese crown; dorsal appendages with tables and rosettes similar to those of body wall and with rods; ventral tube feet with tables and rosettes as in body wall and in addition elongated button-like rosettes; longitudinal and cloacal retractor muscles, cloaca and respiratory tree devoid of ossicles; ossicle assemblage of gonad, rete mirabile and gut was not assessed.
Known distribution: Red Sea (Gulf of Suez, Shab Mahmoud, Gulf of Aqaba, Eilat, Dahab, Abu Zabad, Eritrea Entedebir), Kenya, Aden, Zanzibar, Mozambique, Tanzania, Madagascar, Oman (Muscat), Persian Gulf, Maldive Islands, Sri Lanka, India (Laccadive Islands, Gulf of Mannar, Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands), Cocos Keeling Islands, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Makassar Strait, Sulawesi, Salayer, Komodo, Timor, Ceram, Pari Islands Ambon, Moluccas = type locality, Irian Jaya), Malaysia (Mainland, Shaba), Australia (GBR, NE coast, Tasman Sea, NW coast, QLD, NSW, WA, Dampier Archipelago; NT), Philippines (Bohol), Thailand, Vietnam, China, Japan, Mariana Islands (Guam, Saipan), Caroline Island (Chuuk (= Truck) Atoll, Tonoas Island, Yap), Papua New Guinea (Port Moresby, New Britain), Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands (Lifu), Vanuatu (= New Hebrides), Fiji, Line Islands (Fanning Island), Society Islands (Tahiti), Pitcairn Island. (H. signata records still need to be taken out, also from citation list)
Taxonomic decision: valid species (confirmed after re-examination of the lectotype and other voucher specimens).
For original description click here.
{morfeo 34}